Epidemiological distribution of genotypes and sub-genotypes of hepatitis B virus in 15 ethnic groups in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the distribution of genotypes and sub-genotypes of HBV in different ethnic groups in China. Methods: The HBsAg positive samples were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling from the sample base of national HBV sero-epidemiological survey in 2020 for the amplification of S gene of HBV by nested PCR. A phylogeny tree was constructed to determine the genotypes and sub-genotypes of HBV. The distribution of genotypes and sub-genotypes of HBV were analyzed comprehensively by using laboratory data and demographic data. Results: A total of 1 539 positive samples from 15 ethnic groups were successfully amplified and analyzed, and 5 genotypes (B, C, D, I and C/D) were detected. The proportion of genotype B was higher in ethnic group of Han (74.52%, 623/836), Zhuang (49.28%, 34/69), Yi (53.19%, 25/47), Miao (94.12%, 32/34), Buyi (81.48%, 22/27). The proportions of genotype C were higher in ethnic groups of Yao (70.91%, 39/55). Genotype D was the predominant genotype in Uygur (83.78%, 31/37). Genotype C/D were detected in Tibetan (92.35%,326/353). In this study, 11 cases of genotype I were detected, 8 of which were distributed in Zhuang nationality. Except for Tibetan, sub-genotype B2 accounted for more than 80.00% in genotype B in all ethnic groups. The proportions of sub-genotype C2 were higher in 8 ethnic groups, i.e. Han, Tibetan, Yi, Uygur, Mongolian, Manchu, Hui and Miao. The proportions of sub-genotype C5 were higher in ethnic groups of Zhuang (55.56%, 15/27) and Yao (84.62%, 33/39). For genotype D, sub-genotype D3 was detected in Yi ethnic group and sub-genotype D1 was detected in both Uygur and Kazak. The proportions of sub-genotype C/D1 and C/D2 in Tibetan were 43.06% (152/353) and 49.29% (174/353). For all the 11 cases of genotype I infection, only sub-genotype I1 was detected. Conclusions: Five genotypes and 15 sub-genotypes of HBV were found in 15 ethnic groups. There were significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and sub-genotypes of HBV among different ethnic groups.

Association of Breastfeeding Duration with Body Composition in Children Aged 3-5 Years / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3-5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.@*METHODS@#The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC), a nationwide cross-sectional study. Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews. The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders.@*RESULTS@#In total, 2,008 participants were included in the study. Of these, 89.2% were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months (IQR 7-15 months). Among children aged 3 years, the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group (0.12 vs. 0.42, P = 0.043). In addition, the weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group (0.31 vs. 0.65, P = 0.026), and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed. Compared to the formula-fed children, the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years (12.84 kg vs. 12.52 kg, P = 0.015) and lower for those aged 4 years (14.31 kg vs. 14.64 kg, P = 0.048), but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years (16.40 kg vs. 16.42 kg, P = 0.910) after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score (BAZ), fat-free mass index, and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3-5 years.@*CONCLUSION@#No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration, BMI, and fat mass indicators. Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.

Automatic Framework Acquisition and Visualization Analysis of Ancient Chinese Medicine Literature Relating to Tumor / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To obtain ancient traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）literatures relating to tumor and visual analysis by an automatic framework tool， in order to systematically sort out the development of ancient Chinese medicine oncology. Method:Based on the database platform of ancient TCM books，names of tumor-related diseases in ancient TCM books were retrieved by Selenium WebDriver， an automation framework tool under Python 3.8. Lxml's etree library was used to parse the data. Statistics was made for "classification"， "authors"， "completion time" and "summary" of relevant ancient books automatically. After the data was checked and processed， Tableau 2019.2 software was used for data visualization analysis. And ancient Chinese medicine literatures relating to tumor were consulted at the database manually，with the dynasties as the clue，and the symptoms，etiology，pathogenesis and prognosis as the emphasis，this paper explores the development process of TCM oncology. Result:A total of 774 349 bytes of text data of 1 128 entries in 242 ancient books were included automatically. According to the findings， there were simple classification and time distribution of tumor diseases in ancient TCM books in the pre-Qin period， with a simple view on the pathogenesis of tumor diseases. From the Han dynasty to the Tang dynasty， the number of relevant literature records and the types and disease names had gradually increased，which further enriched the cognition of tumor nature，signs，classification methods，differential diagnosis；in Song and Ming dynasties，the proportion of Chinese prescription books and surgery books had increased gradually，with the largest number of abdominal organ tumor names among all dynasties；from Qing dynasty to the Republic of China，literatures relating to tumor name and classification were the most improved，and then the TCM tumor syndrome differentiation and treatment system had been formed. Conclusion:It was found that TCM oncology originated in the pre-Qin dynasty，and was improved in the Han and Tang dynasties， mature in the Song and Ming dynasties and completed in the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China. The data visualization method with integrated automation framework and parsing tools is helpful to analyze the subdivision characteristics of ancient TCM literatures，which is convenient，efficient and innovative，in the expectation to provide a classic reference for contemporary TCM studies.

Intranasal Immunization Using CTA1-DD as a Mucosal Adjuvant for an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of intranasal immunization with CTA1-DD as mucosal adjuvant combined with H3N2 split vaccine.@*METHODS@#Mice were immunized intranasally with PBS (negative control), or H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) alone, or CTA1-DD (5 μg/mouse) alone, or H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) plus CTA1-DD (5 μg/mouse). Positive control mice were immunized intramuscularly with H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) and alum adjuvant. All the mice were immunized twice, two weeks apart. Then sera and mucosal lavages were collected. The specific HI titers, IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgG subtypes were examined by ELISA. IFN-γ and IL-4 were test by ELISpot. In addition, two weeks after the last immunization, surivival after H3N2 virus lethal challenge was measured.@*RESULTS@#H3N2 split vaccine formulated with CTA1-DD could elicit higher IgM, IgG and hemagglutination inhibition titers in sera. Furthermore, using CTA1-DD as adjuvant significantly improved mucosal secretory IgA titers in bronchoalveolar lavages and vaginal lavages. Meanwhile this mucosal adjuvant could enhance Th-1-type responses and induce protective hemagglutination inhibition titers. Notably, the addition of CTA1-DD to split vaccine provided 100% protection against lethal infection by the H3N2 virus.@*CONCLUSION@#CTA1-DD could promote mucosal, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which supports the further development of CTA1-DD as a mucosal adjuvant for mucosal vaccines.

Effect of acupoint massage plus acupoint sticking therapy for the stress reaction during postoperative anesthesia recovery period in patients undergoing nasal endoscopic surgery / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the effect of acupoint massage plus acupoint sticking therapy for the stress reaction during postoperative anesthesia recovery period in patients undergoing nasal endoscopic surgery.Methods:A total of 120 patients undergoing nasal endoscopic surgery were included,and all patients were under trachea intubation and general anesthesia.The patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group,with 60 patients in each group.Patients in the control group received conventional anesthesia resuscitation,while patients in the observation group received acupoint massage plus acupoint sticking therapy on the basis of conventional anesthesia resuscitation.Changes in the heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were observed at three time points including the end of the surgery (TO),the removal of the tracheal tube (T1) and 10 min after the removal of the tracheal tube (T2).The awakening and tube removal time,choking cough and restlessness,and adverse reactions (dizziness,nausea and vomiting) in 24 h post-surgery period were compared.Results:At T1 and T2,the comparisons of HR,SBP and DBP between the two groups showed statistical significance (all P＜0.05).Intra-group comparisons showed that the HR,SBP and DBP of the control group at T1 and T2 were significant different from those at TO (all P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the awakening time and tube removal time between the two groups (both P＜0.05).The incidences of choking cough and restlessness were 8.3％ and 3.3％ respectively in the observation group,versus 53.3％ and 30.0％ in the control group,and the between-group comparisons showed statistical significance (both P＜0.05).The incidences of dizziness,nausea and vomiting in 24 h post-surgery period were 3.3％,5.0％ and 0.0％ respectively in the observation group,versus 43.3％,33.3％ and 25.0％ in the control group,and the between-group comparisons showed statistical significance (all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Acupoint massage plus acupoint sticking therapy can effectively regulate the stress reaction during postoperative anesthesia recovery period in patients undergoing nasal endoscopic surgery,and maintain a stable internal environment.

Hepatitis B Immunoprophylactic Failure and Characteristics of the Hepatitis B Virus Gene in Mother-Infant Pairs in Parts of China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the hepatitis B immunoprophylactic failure rate in infants born to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected mothers and to characterize HBV genes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HBV-serological testing was conducted for pregnant women and infants. The complete genomes of 30 HBV isolates were sequenced, and genetic characteristics were analyzed using MEGA 5 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The immunoprophylactic failure rate for infants who had completed the scheduled hepatitis B vaccination program was 5.76% (32/556). High sequence homology (99.8%-100%) was observed in 8 of the 10 mother-infant pairs. We identified 19 subgenotype C2 strains, 9 subgenotype B2 strains, and 2 subgenotype C1 strains. Three serotypes were detected: adr (19/30), adw (9/30), and ayw (2/30). The frequency of amino acid mutation of the 'a' determinant region was 16.67% (5/30), including that of Q129H, F134Y, S136Y, and G145E. We detected 67 amino acid mutations in the basal core promoter, precore, and core regions of the genome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The immunoprophylactic failure rate in infants born to HBV-infected mothers is low in the regions of China examined during this study. Moreover, HBV mutation in the 'a' determinant region could not account for immunoprophylactic failure for all infants.</p>

Effect of integrated Chinese medical treatment (as maintenance therapy) on the survival time of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a clinical study / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe clinical effect of integrated Chinese medical (CM) treatment (as maintenance therapy) on the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after first-line chemotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Totally 69 non-progressive advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy were randomly assigned to the test group (34 cases) and the control group (35 cases). Patients in the control group were treated with one Western drug chemotherapy (Gemcitabine or Alimta or docetaxel). Those in the test group were treated with integrated CM treatment (CM decoction, CM Intravenous preparation, and point application). Each cycle consisted of 21 days. Treatment lasted till the disease progressed, or intolerable toxic/adverse reactions occurred, or patients refused to continue the treatment. Patients' life spans were regularly followed-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The median cycle of maintenance therapy was 2 cycles for two groups with no statistical difference (P =0.274). The median PFS was 12.43 weeks in the test group and 10.00 weeks in the control group, showing statistical difference (P =0.025). The middle survival time (MST) was 18.8 months in the test group and 16.73 months in the control group, showing no statistical difference (P =0.437).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CM treatment (as maintenance therapy) showed quail effect to one Western drug chemotherapy in prolonging patients' life span.</p>

Establishment and application of TaqMan real-time RT-PCR for the detection of hepatitis E virus / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a specific TaqMan-based Real-time PCR assay for the detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the references, primers-probe sets which were located in ORF2, the conservative part of HEV genome were designed and therefore we established a HEV TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay with great performance of specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility. And then it was used in the detection of HEV RNA in clinical samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HEV Real-time RT-PCR assay established in this study were able to detect HEV RNA with a detection limit of 10 copies/reaction. When the detection of a same sample was repeated for several times, coefficients of variation (CV) was all less than 1.53%. Our data also suggested that there were 1.87 x 10(6)-8.12 x 10(9) RNA copies in 1 ml of the clinical samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The TaqMan-based Real-time PCR assay established in this study was specific and precise for the rapid detection of HEV RNA. It was applied successfully in the pathogen detection of clinical samples.</p>

Establishing a high-titer infectious avian influenza A (H5N1) pseudotyped viral particle / 病毒学报

A transient four-plasmid cotransfection system was used to construct avian influenza A (H5N1) pseudotyped viral particle (H5N1Pp) by incorporating hemagglutinin (HA) protein and neuraminidase (NA) protein from H5N1 avian influenza virus onto Murine leukemia virus pseudotyped viral particles, the transmission electron microscopy, infectivity titer assay, hemagglutination assay, neutralization assay of H5N1Pp were studied. We established a pseudotyped H5N1 viral particle at a high titer of 10(8) Pp/mL, the morphology,the hemagglutination activity and neutralization specificity of H5N1Pp is simililar to wild H5N1 virus. The research result sets a platform for studying this virus, including its receptors, the functional analysis of HA and NA, neutralizing antibodies and anti-H5N1 drug development.

Analysis of relationship of HBV PreS1 antigen, anti-HBc IgM, DNA load and genotypes in hepatitis B patients / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship of HBV PreS1 antigen, anti-HBc IgM, DNA load and genotypes, and the significance for clinical diagnosis and prognostic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay was used to test the HBV serum markers of HB patients; HBV-DNA copies was detected by time fluorescence quantitative PCR; using nested PCR to amplify the S fragment of HBV genome, then sequence and make blast with HBV standard sequences to ascertain genotypes. Make comprehensive analysis of these indexes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>355 serum specimens of acute or chronic HB patients were collected. The positive rates of HBV PreS1-Ag and HBV-DNA in model I (positive for HBeAg) were 80.2% and 73.7% respectively, which both higher than other models. The abnormal rate of ALT and AST were higher in PreS1-Ag positive group than negative, as well as in anti-HBc IgM positive group. There are 4 samples is genotype B (2.9%), 76 genotype C (55.9%) and 56 genotype D (41.2%). Positive rate of HBeAg and HBV-DNA of genotype C samples were both higher than which of genotype B and D.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PreS1-Ag and Anti-HBe-IgM indexes are of great value to viral hepatitis B early diagnosis, HBV replication surveillance and prognostic evaluation; the major HBV genotypes in Henan province are C and D, and the positive rate of HBeAg and HBV-DNA were both higher in genotype C HBV infection population than genotype B and D.</p>

Combined trabeculectomy and vitrectomy for intractable glaucoma with severe ocular contusion involving the posterior segment / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Intractable secondary glaucoma with severe ocular contusion involving the posterior segment is difficult to treat. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of combined trabeculectomy and vitrectomy for intractable glaucoma with severe ocular contusion involving the posterior segment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This retrospective interventional study enrolled 18 eyes from 18 consecutive cases with uncontrolled intraocular pressure, angle recession exceeding 180°, dense vitreous hemorrhage, and/or limited retinal detachment after severe ocular contusion. Combined trabeculectomy and vitrectomy was performed after giving the patient sufficient anti-inflammatory and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication. Follow-up averaged 26.2 (range, 6.0- 48.0) months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean IOP decreased from (36.4 ± 10.0) mmHg on maximum IOP-lowering medications to (14.6 ± 4.4) mmHg on (0.7 ± 1.2) topical medications at the final follow-up (P < 0.0001). During the first postoperative month, four eyes (22%) had a short hypertensive phase and six eyes (33%) had early hypotony, including one case (5.6%) of bleb leakage. Seven eyes (39%) developed recurrent hypertension 3- 6 months postoperatively, five of which were controlled by topical medications. Ten (55.6%) eyes were classified as a complete success, five (27.8%) as a qualified success, and three eyes (16.7%) as failures. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for complete and cumulative success showed 53.5% and 80.0% survival at 48 months, respectively. Visual acuity was improved in 15 eyes (83.3%). Three eyes (16.7%) had unchanged visual acuity, one (5.6%) of which developed atrophia bulbi despite a normal intraocular pressure. No recurrent retinal detachment or vitreous hemorrhage developed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined trabeculectomy and vitrectomy is a viable surgical procedure for the management of intractable glaucoma with severe ocular contusion involving the posterior segment in selected cases.</p>

Persistent subretinal fluid after successful scleral buckle surgery for macula-off retinal detachment / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>After successful scleral buckle and cryotherapy for macular-off retinal detachment (RD), some patients have poor visual acuity without any clinically detected macular change, and the unsatisfactory postoperative visual acuity is difficult to explain. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of subretinal fluid (SRF) after successful scleral buckle surgery for macula-off RD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-eight eyes from 28 patients were included in this study. The patients underwent scleral buckle surgery combined with cryopexy for macular-off RD. After surgery, all eyes underwent thorough ophthalmologic examinations including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) test, and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. The BCVA prior to the operation, duration of RD, the duration of postoperative retinal reattachment, BCVA when SRF was observed, period required for the SRF to become undetectable, and the BCVA at the final follow-up were included in the clinical data for this study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and B-ultrasonography were used to confirm SRF, and fluorescein angiography (FFA) was carried out in several patients. BCVA when SRF was observed and BCVA at the final follow-up were evaluated using a paired t test. Correlations between BCVA before the operation and duration of RD and BCVA at the final follow-up were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. The type of SRF under OCT and BCVA at the final follow-up were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Postoperative retinal reattachment was achieved in 1.0 - 7.0 days (average, (2.7 ± 2.1) days). After retinal reattachment, SRF was detected in all eyes by OCT 2 weeks postoperative, while B ultrasonography found no changes. The mean logMAR BCVA was 0.35 ± 0.27 at the time of the detection of SRF. The period for SRF to become undetectable ranged from 2.0 to 11.0 months (average, (6.3 ± 2.3) months). The time of follow-up ranged from 24.0 to 36.0 months (average, (28.9 ± 3.4) months). The mean logMAR BCVA improved to 0.30 ± 0.23 at the final follow-up, which was significantly different from the mean logMAR BCVA at the time of SRF detection (paired t-test, t = 3.82, P < 0.05). Postoperative OCT images were classified into three categories. FFA was carried out in 10 eyes and revealed no leakage or strain in the lesions. BCVA before the operation was significantly correlated with BCVA at the final follow-up (r = 0.56, P < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between BCVA at the final follow-up and duration of RD (r = 0.23, P = 0.22). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference between the type of SRF under OCT and BCVA at the final follow-up (F = 0.21, P = 0.81).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The presence of persistent SRF after successful scleral buckle surgery for macular-off rhegmatogenous RD may influence the BCVA or anatomic attachment. SRF was detected in all eyes by OCT at 2 weeks after the operation. Residual detachment persisted for almost a year after surgery in certain patients. Fluorescein angiography revealed no leakage or strain in the lesions.</p>

Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes and serotypes in people who had a physical examination in Yunnan Province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To know genotypes and serotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) detected from hepatitis B infected people in Yunnan Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum samples were collected from HBsAg carriers detected from people who had a physical examination at Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The S genes of HBV were amplified by nested PCR and the PCR products were sequenced. The viral genotype was identified by phylogenetic analysis. 27 reference sequences corresponding to HBV genotype A to I were obtained from GenBank. According to the amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of S gene, the dominant serotype of HBV detected from these people were confirmed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>39 HBsAg positive serum samples were detected from 2216 people who had a physical examination. The results shows that 76.9% were C genotype; 15.4% were B genotype; 5.1% were D genotype; 2.5% were I genotype. Three serotypes were found. The rates of adw2, adrq+ and ayr serotypes are 71.8%, 17.9% and 10.3% respectively. All of adw2 subtype specimens are C genotype. Among the serum specimens in which both HBsAg and HBeAg are positive, 75% were C genotype and adw2 subtype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is determined that the main genotype and subtype of HBV prevailed in Yunnan province is C genotype and adw2 subtype.</p>

Effect of electroacupuncture and acupoint injection on expression of plasma proinflammatory cytokines and motilin for patients with early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) and acupoint injection on early postoperative intestinal obstruction and explore its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixteen cases were divided randomly into two groups. In control group (56 cases), the conventional western medicine was applied, including gastrointestinal decompression, parenteral nutrition (PN), anti-inflammation and supporting therapy. In observation group (60 cases), on the basis of the treatment as control group, EA and acupoint injection with Neostigmine were supplemented. Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37)/Xiajuxu (ST 39) and Dachangshu (BL 25) were selected as main points. Before treatment and after 3 days treatment, the levels of plasma interleukint (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and motilin (MOT) were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In observation group, the mean recovery time of bowel sound and the mean frequency of passing gas were less than those in control group (both P < 0.01). After treatment, in either group, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were down-regulated as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.01). After treatment, in observation group, IL-6 level was (15.2 +/- 4.1) pg/mL and TNF-alpha level was (18.3 +/- 6.5) pg/mL. They were (35.5 +/- 7.2) pg/mL and (52.7 +/- 12.3) pg/mL respectively in control group, indicating significant difference in statistics between two groups (both P < 0.01). In either group, MOT level increased after treatment as compared with that before treatment (both P < 0 01). After treatment, in observation group, the increase of MOT level was superior to that in control group [(190.7 +/- 48. 5 ) pg/mL vs (114.6 +/- 36.9) pg/mL, P < 0.01].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture and acupoint injection are significantly effective in the treatment of early postoperative intestinal obstruction. This therapy may inhibit the release of inflammatory factors to reduce intestinal wall edema and it may promote MOT secretion to increase intestinal peristalsis. As a result, the recovery of gastrointestinal function is promoted.</p>

Expression of hepatitis C virus subunit fusion protein and analysis of its immunogenicity / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Obtain the hepatitis C virus high purified subunit fusion protein and detect its immunogenicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With the vector of pET-11d, fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) after induced by IPTG. The protein was then purified by DEAE negative ion exchange chromatography and Ni2+ affinity chromatography. Western Blot analysis was used to detect the antigenicity of the fusion protein. At the same time, the sera were collected and prepared from the immunized experimental animals in order to investigate the immunogenicity of the protein by EIA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>High purified hepatitis C virus subunit fusion protein was obtained successfully. The EIA indicated that the fusion protein could elicit specific antibodies in the animals with very high titers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hepatitis C virus subunit fusion protein expressed in prokaryotic system was proved to have strong immunogenicity. It could provide some helpful and useful information to the hepatitis C virus prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine development.</p>

Preparation and identification of the monoclonal antibodies against programmed death-1 ligant 1 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against human programmed death-1 ligant 1(PD-L1) and identify its bioactivity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We immunized the BALB/c mice with Thioredoxin-(PD-L1) recombination protein which expressed by prokaryotic system. Prepare hybridoma cell by hybridoma technology and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and Western-blotting assays to select positive hybridoma identify cell. Competition inhibition ELISA was carried out to identify the special bioactivity of antibody.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>4 hybridoma cell strains which could secrete anti-(PD-L1) antibodies stably were selected. The McAbs has good affinity with its receptor. Purify anti-(PD-L1) with title 1:32 000 was obtained after large quantity preparation. At the same time we obtained 1 cell stain which could secret special anti-Trx McAbs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We obtained anti-(PD-L1) McAbs with good bioactivity successfully, which lay the foundation for further study.</p>

Clinical observation on electroacupuncture combined with acupoint injection for treatment of early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To search for a better therapy for early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction (EPISBO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and forty cases were divided into four groups according to admitting order, 60 cases in each group. Routine treatments in western medicine were used in group A including gastrointestinal decompression, parenteral nutrition, anti-infection, supportive therapy and so on. Group B was treated with electroacupuncture in Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37) etc. in addition to those given in group A. Group C was treated with acupoint injection with Neostigmine in Dachangshu (BL 25), Zusanli (ST 36) etc. in addition to the treatment used in group A. Group D was treated with all of the treatments used in group A, B and C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 93. 3% in group A, 96. 7% in group B, 100.0% in group C and group D. There was no significant difference among the four groups (P>0. 05). The average recovery time of bowel sound was (11. 512. 9) days in group A, (9. 3 +/- 2.5) days in group B, (5.6 +/- 3.5) days in group C and (2. 2 +/- 1.7) days in group D. The average anal exsufflation time was (12. 5 +/- 3. 1) days in group A, (10. 7 +/- 3.6) days in group B, (7. 2 +/- 3. 1) days in group C and (2. 5 +/- 1. 5) days in group D. Group D was superior to those of other three groups obviously, and there were significant differences between them (all P<0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture combined with acupoint injection has a satisfied therapeutic effect for treatment of EPISBO.</p>

Analyze the bioactivity of PD-1 and PD-L1 recombination protein which expressed by prokaryotic system / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 recombination protein and to know their bioactivity and affinity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stick the PD-1 protein on the surface of CM5 sensor chip by the method of Ammine coupling after being preconsentrated. Dilute the PD-L1 protein step by step and reject it to the passage on CM5 sensor chip which had been stick by PD-1. The time of combination is 3 minutes and of separation is 15 minutes, respectively. Observe the procession and analyze data by BIA Evaluation software 4.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the consistency of 40 microg/ml, pH 4.5, the PD-1 protein could couple steady on the surface of CM5sensor chip, RU is 3300. On the density of 200 mmol/ml PD-L1 could combine with PD-1 specifically, RU = 150, K(D) = 3.5 x 10(-6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The PD-1 and PD-L1 recombination protein which we expressed by prokaryotic system have good affinity and bioactivity. The results could provide basic condition for later study.</p>

Express the recombinant protein PD-L1 in prokaryotic and analyze its biological activity / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the programmed cell death 1 ligant 1 (PD-L1) recombination expression vector, express the fusion protein in prokaryotic and analyze the biological action of express product.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The whole PD-L1 gene sequence was synthesized after codon optimized. Construct the thioredoxin-(PD-L1) recombination expression vector and express the fusion protein in E. coli. Purified the target protein and analyze the conjugated ability of protein by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PD-L1 recombinant expression vector has been constructed correctly. The target protein has been obtained with which expressed in high efficiency and production. The target protein can conjugate specifically with the PD-1, its specific receptor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We have obtained the PD-L1 recombinant protein success with high biological activity. The result provide the basic condition for further study on antibody and mutually action between PD-L1 and chronic virus infectious.</p>

Meta analysis on etiological relationship between human papillomavirus and esophageal carcinoma / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and esophageal cancer development in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched and collected the published articles in Chinese related to HPV and esophageal cancer, and selected the articles with the PCR approach to detect HPV in the esophageal cancer specimens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We filtered our publication collection with standards as (1) PCR as the detection approach, (2) specimens as the paraffin-embedded sections, and (3) description of the primer in the experiments, and fifteen articles were enrolled for our meta-analysis. Among the articles, totally 980 specimens were tested, and 460 were HPV positive with the average HPV prevalence was 46.9% (95% CI: 43.8%-50.0%), varied from 8.3%-69.8% in the different locations. On the other hands, among 556 specimens whose HPV detection spectrum included HPV16, 139 showed the positivity of HPV16, the average prevalence was 25.0%, (95% CI: 21.4%-28.6%) varied from 4.4%-63.4% dependent on the locations; among 485 specimens whose HPV detection spectrum included HPV18, thirty-three specimens showed the positivity of HPV18, the average prevalence was 6.8% (95% CI: 4.6%-9.0%) varied from 0%-19.0% dependent on the locations. Third, among the fifteen articles enrolled in the meta-analysis, four articles used the same primer set for HPV detection in totally 406 paraffin-embedded specimens with the prevalence of 40.2% (95% CI: 36.0%-45.4%) varied from 20.3%-67.6% in different locations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our analysis result suggested the HPV prevalence in the esophageal cancer samples of China and clued the possible etiological relationships between HPV infection and the esophageal cancer development.</p>